Manoj Kumar (born Harikrishna Giri Goswami[1] on 24 July 1937) is an award-winning Indian actor and director in the Bollywood film industry. He is remembered for his films Hariyali Aur Raasta, Woh Kaun Thi?, Himalaya Ki God Mein, Do Badan, Upkar, Patthar Ke Sanam, Neel Kamal, Purab Aur Paschim, Roti Kapda Aur Makaan, and Kranti.
He is known for acting in and directing films with patriotic themes,
and has been given the nickname "Bhaarat Kumar". In 1992, he was
honoured with the Padma Shri by the Government of India.
Early life
Manoj Kumar was born in a Dasnami Goswami Brahmin family in Abbottabad, a town of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, then part of India. Abbottabad is now located within the borders of Pakistan. His original name was Harikishan Giri Goswami. When he was 10, his Gosain Hindu family had to move to Delhi owing to partition. His family lived as refugees in Vijay Nagar, Kingsway Camp and later moved to Patel Nagar area of New Delhi.
After graduating from Hindu College, University of Delhi, he decided to enter the film industry.
Career
As a youth, he admired Bollywood superstar Dilip Kumar, and decided
to name himself Manoj Kumar after Dilip's character in Shabnam (1949).[1]
After making a little-noticed début in Fashion in 1957, Manoj landed his first leading role in Kaanch Ki Gudia (1960) opposite Sayeeda Khan. Piya Milan Ki Aas and Reshmi Roomal followed, setting the stage for the Vijay Bhatt-directed Hariyali Aur Raasta (1962) opposite Mala Sinha. Kumar then appeared with Sadhana in Raj Khosla's Woh Kaun Thi (1964), and reunited with Vijay Bhatt and Mala Sinha in Himalaya Ki God Mein (1965). Manoj Kumar and Raj Khosla repeated their successful Actor-Director partnership with the film Do Badan, which was remembered for many reasons including Raj Khosla's great direction, Manoj Kumar and the heroine Asha Parekh's excellent display of histrionics, an outstanding musical score by Ravi, immortal songs by the lyricist Shakeel Badayuni, among others.
The patriotic hero
Kumar's image as the patriotic hero started with the 1965 film Shaheed,[2] based on the life of Bhagat Singh, a martyr in the struggle for India's freedom. After the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri asked him to create a film based on the popular slogan Jai Jawan Jai Kissan (hail the soldier, hail the farmer).[1]
The result was Kumar's magnum opus and his directorial debut, Upkaar (1967). In it, he played both a soldier and a farmer. The film was also noted for the famous song Mere Desh Ki Dharti, written by Gulshan Bawra, composed by Kalyanji-Anandji and sung by Mahendra Kapoor. Upkaar was a hit and won Kumar his first Filmfare Best Director Award.
After dabbling in various roles in the late 1950, Manoj returned to patriotic themes in Purab Aur Paschim (1970), in which life in the East and West are juxtaposed. In 1972, he starred in Be-Imaan (for which he won the Filmfare Best Actor Award) and directed and starred in Shor (1972). The latter, opposite Nanda, was not a huge box office success, but it did feature the memorable song Ek Pyar Ka Nagma Hai, a duet by Lata Mangeshkar and Mukesh, which was composed by Laxmikant Pyarelal and written by Santosh Anand.
Later career
The mid-1970s saw Kumar star in three hit films: Roti Kapda Aur Makaan (1974) was a social commentary featuring an all-star cast including Zeenat Aman, Shashi Kapoor and Amitabh Bachchan that won him his second Filmfare Award for Best Director; Sanyasi (1975) had Kumar and Hema Malini in the lead roles of a religious-themed comedy; and Dus Numbri
(1976) also gave Kumar and Hema top billing. In 1981, Kumar reached the
peak of his career when he got the opportunity to direct his idol, Dilip Kumar, as well as star in Kranti, a story about the struggle for Indian independence in the 19th century. Kranti was the last notable successful film in his career. He also starred in the hit Punjabi film Jat Punjabi.
After Kranti, Kumar's career began to decline in the 1980s as all of his films failed at the box office. In 1989 he cast Pakistani actors Mohammad Ali and Zeba in his film Clerk which was considered to be a groundbreaking event. He quit acting after his appearance in the 1995 film Maidan-E-Jung. His son, Kunal Goswami, tried to revive the patriotic theme and was directed by Kumar in the 1999 film Jai Hind which was a flop. Kumar was awarded the Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award that same year.
His trademark hand-covering-the-face was very popular and continues
to be the butt of jokes of latter day stand-up comedians. In 2007, the Shah Rukh Khan film Om Shanti Om
featured the lead character pretending to be Manoj Kumar so as to sneak
into a movie premiere, by holding his hand over his face. Kumar filed a
lawsuit, which was settled out of court.[3]
Politics
Like many other Bollywood stars, Kumar decided to enter politics
following his retirement. Before the 2004 general election in India, it
was announced that he had officially joined the ranks of the Shiv Sena.
Personal life
Kumar is married to Shashi Goswami (originally from Jodhkan, Sirsa district, Haryana). He has two sons, Vishal and Kunal,
Vishal tried his skills as a singer and Kunal as an actor. His brother,
Rajiv Goswami, also entered the film industry, but none were able to
gain any footing in Bollywood.
Awards
Civilian award
- 1992 - Padma Shri by the Government of India
National Honours
- 2008 - National Kishore Kumar Award by the Government of Madhya Pradesh.[4]
- 2010 - National Raj Kapoor Award by the Government of Maharashtra.[5][6]
National Film Awards
- 1968 - National Film Award for Second Best Feature Film for Upkaar
Filmfare Awards
Winner
- 1968 - Filmfare Best Movie Award for Upkaar
- 1968 - Filmfare Best Director Award for Upkaar [7]
- 1968 - Filmfare Best Story Award for Upkaar
- 1968 - Filmfare Best Dialogue Award for Upkaar
- 1972 - Filmfare Best Actor Award for Beimaan
- 1975 - Filmfare Best Director Award for Roti Kapda Aur Makaan
- 1999 - Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award
Nominated
- 1968 - Filmfare Best Actor Award for Upkaar
- 1969 - Filmfare Best Supporting Actor Award for Aadmi
- 1973 - Filmfare Best Director Award for Shor
- 1975 - Filmfare Best Movie Award for Roti Kapda Aur Makaan
- 1975 - Filmfare Best Actor Award for Roti Kapda Aur Makaan
- 1976 - Filmfare Best Actor Award for Sanyasi
Other awards
- 1968 - BFJA Awards: Best Dialogue for Upkaar[8]
- 2001 - Kalakar Awards for Lifetime Achievement[citation needed]
- 2008 - Star Screen Lifetime Achievement Award
- 2009 - Phalke Ratna Award by the Dadasaheb Phalke Academy.[9]
- 2010 - Lifetime Achievement Award at the 12th Mumbai Film Festival.[10]
- 2012 - Lifetime Achievement Award at the Apsara Awards.[11]
- 2012 - Lifetime Achievement Award at the Nashik International Film Festival.[12]
- 2012 - "Bharat Gaurav Award" in New Jersey, USA.[13]
Special honour
- 2008 - In an honour to Manoj Kumar, the Government of Madhya Pradesh has decided to institute a Rs 100,000 award in his name. The state government also recommend Kumar's name for Bharat Ratna to the central government.[14]
- 2011 - In the honour of devotion of Manoj Kumar towards Shri Sai Baba; Shri Saibaba Sansthan Trust, Shirdi has renamed "Pimpalwadi Road" in Shirdi, as "Manojkumar Goswami Road".[15]
Selected filmography
| Year | Film | Role | Co-stars | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1957 | Fashion | |||
| 1958 | Panchayat | Shyama | ||
| Sahara | ||||
| 1959 | Chand | |||
| 1960 | Honeymoon | |||
| 1961 | Suhaag Sindoor | |||
| Kaanch ki gudiya | ||||
| Reshmi rumal | Shakila | |||
| 1962 | Hariyali Aur Rasta | Shanker | Mala Sinha, Shashikala | |
| Dr. Vidya | Ratan Chowdhury | Vyjayanthimala | ||
| Shaadi | Balraj Sahni, Saira Banu, Manoj Kumar, Dharmendra | |||
| Banarsi Thug | Shyam | Vijaya Chaudhari | ||
| Maa beta | ||||
| Piya Milan Ki Aas | ||||
| Naqli nawab | ||||
| 1963 | Apna bana ke dekho | |||
| Ghar basake dekho | ||||
| Grahasti | ||||
| 1964 | Apne huye paraye | |||
| Woh Kaun Thi? | Dr Anand | Sadhana | ||
| Phoolon Ki Sej | Vyjayanthimala | |||
| 1965 | Shaheed | Shaheed-e-Azam Bhagat Singh | ||
| Himalaya Ki God Mein | Sunil Mehra | Mala Sinha | ||
| Gumnaam | Anand | Nanda | ||
| Poonam Ki Raat | ||||
| 1966 | Do Badan | Vikas | Asha Parekh | |
| Saawan Ki Ghata | Sharmila Tagore | |||
| Saajan | Asha Parekh | |||
| 1967 | Patthar Ke Sanam | Rajesh | Waheeda Rehman, Mumtaz | |
| Anita | Neeraj | Sadhana | ||
| Upkaar | Bharat | Asha Parekh,Pran,Prem Chopra,Kamini Kaushal | Winner, Filmfare Best Movie Award | |
| 1968 | Neel Kamal | Ram | Waheeda Rehman | |
| Aadmi | Dr Shekhar | Waheeda Rehman | ||
| 1970 | Purab Aur Paschim | Bharat | Saira Banu | |
| Yaadgar | Banu | Nutan | ||
| Pehchan | Gangaram | Babita | ||
| Mera Naam Joker | David | |||
| 1971 | Balidan | Raja | Saira Banu | |
| 1972 | Shor | Shankar | Nanda, Jaya Bachchan | |
| Be-Imaan | Mohan | Raakhee | Winner, Filmfare Best Actor Award | |
| 1974 | Roti Kapda Aur Makaan | Bharat | Zeenat Aman, Moushumi Chatterji | 1975 - Filmfare Best Director Award for Roti Kapda Aur Makaan |
| 1975 | Sanyasi | Ram Rai | Hema Malini | |
| 1976 | Dus Numbri | Arjun | Hema Malini | |
| 1977 | Shirdi Ke Sai Baba | Doctor/scientist | Rajendra Kumar, Hema Malini | |
| Amaanat | Deepak | Sadhna, Balraj Sahni, Mehmood, Aruna Irani, Asit Sen | ||
| 1981 | Kranti | Bharat/Kranti | Hema Malini | |
| 1987 | Kalyug Aur Ramayan | Pawan Putra (Shri Hanuman) | Madhavi | |
| 1989 | Santosh | Santosh Singh | ||
| Clerk | Bharat | Rekha | ||
| 1995 | Maidan-E-Jung | Master Dinanath |
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