Shabana Azmi (born 18 September 1951) is an Indian actress of film, television and theatre. An alumnus of the Film and Television Institute of India of Pune, she made her film debut in 1974 and soon became one of the leading actresses of parallel cinema, an Indian New Wave movement known for its serious content and neo-realism.[1][2]
Regarded as one of the finest actresses in India, Azmi's performances
in films in a variety of genres have generally earned her praise and
awards, which include a record of five wins of the National Film Award for Best Actress and several international honours.[1][3] She has also received four Filmfare Awards.
Azmi has appeared in over 120 Hindi films in both mainstream and
independent cinema, and since 1988 she has acted in several foreign
projects. In addition to acting, Azmi is a social and women's rights
activist, a Goodwill Ambassador of the United Nations Population Fund (UNPFA), and a member of the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Indian parliament.[4] She is married to Indian poet and screenwriter Javed Akhtar.[5]
Early life and background
Shabana Azmi was born into a Muslim family. Her parents are Kaifi Azmi (an Indian poet) and Shaukat Azmi (a veteran Indian People's Theatre Association stage actress),[4] both of whom were members of the Communist Party of India. Her brother, Baba Azmi,
is a cinematographer. Her parents had an active social life, and their
home was always thriving with people and activities of the communist
party. It was not unusual for her to wake up in the morning and find
members of the communist party sleeping about, from a previous night's
communist social that ran late. Early in childhood, the environment in
her home was inculcated into her a respect for family ties, social and
human values; and her parents always supported her to develop a passion
for intellectual stimulation and growth.[6][7][8]
Azmi did her schooling at the premier girl's school, Queen Mary School, Mumbai. She completed a graduate degree in Psychology from St. Xavier’s College, Mumbai, and followed it with a course in acting at the Film and Television Institute of India (FTII), Pune.[4] She described the reason she decided to attend the film institute, saying, "I had the privilege of watching Jaya Bhaduri in a (Diploma) film, Suman,
and I was completely enchanted by her performance because it was unlike
the other performances I had seen. I really marvelled at that and said,
'My god, if by going to the Film Institute I can achieve that, that's
what I want to do.'" Azmi eventually topped the list of successful
candidates of 1972.[9]
Career
Azmi graduated from the FTII in 1973 and went on to sign on Khwaja Ahmad Abbas' Faasla and began work on Kanti Lal Rathod's Parinay as well. Her first release, however, was Shyam Benegal's directorial debut Ankur (1974). Belonging to the arthouse genre of neo-realistic films, Ankur is based on a true story which occurred in Hyderabad.
"Indian politics has been unfair to Muslims and despite Indian secularism Muslims
are discriminated against. I wanted to buy a flat in Mumbai and it
wasn't given to me because I was a Muslim and I read the same about Saif
(Ali Khan). Now, I mean, if Javed Akhtar and Shabana Azmi cannot get a
flat in Mumbai because they are Muslims, then what are we talking about?
I don't think that the Muslim leadership has bothered to clear the air about what Islam actually is."
—Shabana talking about unfairness toward Muslims in India.[10]
Azmi played Lakshmi, a married servant and villager who drifts into
an affair with a college student who visits the countryside. Azmi was
not the original choice for the film, and several leading actresses of
that time refused to do it. The film went on to become a major critical
success, and Azmi won the National Film Award for Best Actress for her performances. Upperstall.com
described her work in the film as "an outstanding psychologically
penetrating performance very different from those seen normally till
then in mainstream Hindi cinema", and famous independent filmmaker Satyajit Ray commented, "In Ankur
she may not have fitted immediately into her rustic surroundings, but
her poise and personality are never in doubt. In two high pitched
scenes, she pulls out the stops to firmly establish herself as one of
our finest dramatic actresses".[11]
She went on to receive the National Film Award consecutively for three years from 1983 to 1985 for her roles in movies, Arth, Khandhar and Paar. Another film Godmother (1999) earned her another National Film Award, taking her tally to five.
Azmi’s acting has been characterized by a real-life depiction of the roles played by her. In Mandi, she acted as a madam of a whorehouse. For this role, she put on weight and even chewed betel.
Real life portrayals continued in almost all her movies. These included
the role of a woman named Jamini resigned to her destiny in Khandhar and a typical urban Indian wife, homemaker and mother in Masoom.
She also acted in experimental and parallel Indian cinema. Deepa Mehta’s 1996 film Fire
depicts her as a lonely woman, Radha, in love with her sister-in-law.
The on-screen depiction of lesbianism (perhaps the first in Indian
cinema) drew severe protests and threats from many social groups as well
as by the Indian authorities. Her role as Radha brought her
international recognition with the Silver Hugo Award for Best Actress at
the 32nd Chicago Film Festival and Jury Award for Best Actress at Outfest, Los Angeles.[4]
She was the initial choice for Deepa Mehtha's Water which was actually planned to hit the floors on 2000. Few scenes were already shot. Shabana Azmi had to shave her head with Nandita Das to portray the character of Shakuntala. However, due to political reasons, the film was shelved and later shot in 2005 with Seema Biswas replacing Azmi.[12]
Some of her notable films include Shyam Benegal's Nishant (1975), Junoon (1978), Susman (1986), and Antarnaad (1992); Satyajit Ray’s Shatranj Ke Khiladi; Mrinal Sen’s Khandhar, Genesis, Ek Din Achanak; Saeed Mirza’s Albert Pinto Ko Gussa Kyon Aata Hai; Sai Paranjpye’s Sparsh and Disha; Gautam Ghose’s Paar; Aparna Sen’s Picnic and Sati; Mahesh Bhatt’s Arth; Vinay Shukla’s Godmother. Her other films include the commercially successful Manmohan Desai's Amar Akbar Anthony and Parvarish and Prakash Mehra’s Jwalamukhi. Azmi starred in Hollywood productions such as John Schlesinger’s Madame Sousatzka (1988) and Roland Joffe’s City of Joy (1992).
Azmi debuted on the small screen in a soap opera titled Anupama.
She portrayed a modern Indian woman who, while endorsing traditional
Indian ethos and values, negotiated more freedom for herself. She had
participated in many stage plays, and notable among them include M. S.
Sathyu’s Safed Kundali (1980), based on The Caucasian Chalk Circle; and Feroz Abbas Khan's Tumhari Amrita with actor Farooq Sheikh, which ran for five years. She toured Singapore on an assignment with the Singapore Repertory Theatre Company, acting in Ingmar Bergman’s adaptation of Ibsen’s A Doll's House, which was directed by Rey Buono.
Pointing out the differences in all these media, she once remarked
that theatre was really the actor’s medium; the stage was actor’s space;
cinema was the director’s medium; and television was a writer’s medium.[citation needed]
Personal life
In the initial stage of her career, she was linked to film director Shekhar Kapur.[citation needed] She married Javed Akhtar, a lyricist, poet and Bollywood scriptwriter[5] on 9 December 1984, making her a member of the Akhtar-Azmi film family.[13] It was Akhtar’s second marriage, the first being with Bollywood scriptwriter, Honey Irani. However Shabana's parents objected her to being involved with a very much married man with 2 children[14][15] Indian actresses Farah Naaz and Tabu are her nieces. Shabana has no children of her own.
Social activism
File:Shabana azmi padma bhushan.jpg
Azmi receiving Padma Bhushan, India's third highest civilian honour from the President of India Pratibha Patil.
Shabana Azmi has been a committed social activist, active in supporting child survival and fighting AIDS and injustice in real life.[16][17]
Azmi has voiced her opinion on a variety of issues. Initially, her
activism drew skepticism and was dubbed by some as a publicity gimmick.
However, she proved her critics wrong and used her celebrity status to
emerge as a high-profile social activist.
She had participated in several plays and demonstrations denouncing communalism. In 1989, along with Swami Agnivesh and Asghar Ali Engineer, she undertook a four-day march for communal harmony from New Delhi to Meerut. Among the social groups whose causes she has advocated are slum dwellers, displaced Kashmiri Pandit migrants and victims of the earthquake at Latur (Maharashtra, India). The 1993 Mumbai riots appalled her and she emerged as a forceful critic of religious extremism. After the 11 September 2001 attacks, she opposed the advice of the grand mufti of Jama Masjid calling upon the Muslims of India to join the people of Afghanistan in their fight by retorting that the leader go there alone.[18]
She has campaigned against ostracism of victims of AIDS.[16] A small film clip issued by the Government of India depicts an HIV
positive child cuddled in her arms and saying: "She does not need your
rejection, she needs your love". In a Bengali film named Meghla Aakash she played the role of a physician treating AIDS patients.
She has also given her voice to an HIV/AIDS education animated software tutorial created by the nonprofit organization TeachAIDS.[19]
Since 1989, she has been a member of the National Integration Council headed by the Prime Minister of India; a member of National AIDS Commission (of India); and was nominated (in 1997) as a member of the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Indian parliament. In 1998, the United Nations Population Fund appointed her as its Goodwill Ambassador for India.[16]
Selected filmography
Main article: Shabana Azmi filmography
She has acted in more than one hundred Hindi films, both in the mainstream as well as in parallel cinema. Several of her films have received attention in the international arena, including at the Norwegian Film Institute, the Smithsonian Institution and the American Film Institute. She has appeared in a number of foreign films, most of which have won international acclaim, including John Schlesinger’s Madame Sousatzka, Nicholas Klotz’s Bengali Night, Roland Joffe’s City of Joy, Channel 4’s Immaculate Conception, Blake Edwards' Son of the Pink Panther, and Ismail Merchant’s In Custody.
- Ankur (1974) - Laxmi
- Nishant (1976) - Sushila
- Fakira (1976) Geeta / Neeta C I D Police Inspector
- Shatranj Ke Khiladi (1977) - Khurshid
- Amar Akbar Anthony (1977) - Laxmi
- Junoon (1978) - Firdaus
- Swami (1978) - Saudamini
- Sparsh (1980) - Kavita
- Arth (1982) - Mrs. Pooja Inder Malhotra
- Masoom (1983) - Indu D. Malhotra
- Mandi (1983) - Rukmini Bai
- Shart (1986)- Kiran Dutt
- The Bengali Night (1988) - Mrs. Sen
- Madame Sousatzka (1988) - Sushila
- City of Joy (1992) - Kamla Pal
- In Custody (1993) - Imtiaz Begum
- Son of the Pink Panther (1993) - Queen
- Fire (1996) - Radha
- Saaz (1997) - Bansidhar (Bansi) Vrundavan
- Side Streets (1998) - Mrs. Chandra Bipin Raj
- Earth (1998) - voice of older Lenny
- Godmother (1999) - Rambhi
- Makdee (2002) - Makdee
- Tehzeeb (2003) - Rukhsana Jamal
- Morning Raga (2004) - Swarnlatha
- 15 Park Avenue (2005) - Anjali "Anju" Mathur
- Waterborne (2005) - Heera Bhatti
- Umrao Jaan (2006) - Khannum Jaan
- Honeymoon Travels Pvt. Ltd. (2007) - Nahid
- Loins of Punjab Presents (2007) - Rita Kapoor
- Sorry Bhai! (2008) - Mother Gayatri
- It's a Wonderful Afterlife (2010) - Mrs. Sethi
- Kalpvriksh (Film) (2012) - Gypsy Woman
- Matru Ki Bijlee Ka Mandola (2012) - Chaudhari Devi
- The Reluctant Fundamentalist (2013) - Ammi
Awards and honors
National Awards
Azmi has received the National Film Award for Best Actress five times, making her the overall most-awarded actor in the function:[4]
- 1975 - National Film Award for Best Actress, Ankur
- 1983 - National Film Award for Best Actress, Arth
- 1984 - National Film Award for Best Actress, Khandhar
- 1985 - National Film Award for Best Actress, Paar
- 1999 - National Film Award for Best Actress, Godmother
Filmfare Awards
Winner:
- 1978 - Filmfare Best Actress Award for Swami
- 1984 - Filmfare Best Actress Award for Arth
- 1985 - Filmfare Best Actress Award for Bhavna
- 2006 - Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award
Nominated:
- 1975 - Filmfare Best Actress Award for Ankur
- 1981 - Filmfare Best Actress Award for Thodisi Bewafaii
- 1984 - Filmfare Best Actress Award for Masoom
- 1984 - Filmfare Best Actress Award for Avtaar
- 1984 - Filmfare Best Actress Award for Mandi
- 1985 - Filmfare Best Actress Award for Sparsh
- 2003 - Filmfare Best Villain Award for Makdee
- 2004 - Filmfare Best Supporting Actress Award for Tehzeeb
International awards
- 1993: Best Actress award for Libaas in North Korea
- 1994: Best Actress award for Gautam Ghose’s Patang at the Taormina Arte Festival in Italy
- 1996: Silver Hugo Award for Best Actress for Fire at the Chicago International Film Festival[4]
- 1996: Outstanding Actress in a Feature Film, for Fire in L.A. Outfest[4]
Other awards
- Azmi won the award for Best Actress (Hindi) at the Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards (BFJA) for Ankur in 1975, Paar in 1984, Ek Pal in 1987, and Godmother in 1999. She won the Best Supporting Actress (Hindi) award for Tehzeeb in 2003.[20]
- 1998: Star Screen Award Best Supporting Actress for Mrityudand.
- 2004: Zee Cine Award Best Actor in a Supporting Role- Female for Tehzeeb.
- 2005: Star Screen Awards - Best Performance in an Indian Film in English for Morning Raga
Honours and recognitions
- 1988: Awarded the Padma Shri from the Government of India.
- 1988: Yash Bhartiya Award by the Government of Uttar Pradesh for highlighting women’s issues in her work as an actress and activist.
- 1994: Rajiv Gandhi Award for "Excellence of Secularism"
- 1999: Mumbai Academy of the Moving Image, Significant Contribution to Indian Cinema.[21]
- 2002: Martin Luther King Professorship award by the University of Michigan conferred on her in recognition of her contribution to arts, culture and society.
- 2003: She was conferred with an Honorary Doctorate by the Jadavpur University in West Bengal in 2003.[22]
- 2006: Gandhi International Peace Award, awarded by Gandhi Foundation, London.[23]
- 2007: She was conferred with an Honorary Doctorate in Art by Chancellor of the University Brandan Foster by the Leeds Metropolitan University in Yorkshire[24]
- 2008: She was conferred with an Honorary Doctorate by the Jamia Milia University on Delhi in 2008.[25]
- 2009: She was honoured with the World Economic Forum’s Crystal Award [26]
- 2012: Awarded the Padma Bhushan by the Government of India.[27]
- 2013: Awarded the Honorary Fellowship by the National Indian Students Union UK [28]
- 2013: She was conferred with an Honorary Doctorate by Simon Fraser University.[29]
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