Tuesday, 30 July 2013

Pran

Pran Krishan Sikand (12 February 1920 – 12 July 2013), better known by his mononym, Pran, was a multiple Filmfare and BFJA award-winning Indian actor, known as a movie villain and character actor in Hindi cinema from the 1940s to the 1990s.[1] He acted as a hero from 1940–47 and as a villain from 1942–1991 and played supporting and character roles from 1948–2007.
In a long and prolific career he appeared in over 350 films. He played the leading man in films like Khandaan (1942), Pilpili Saheb (1954) and Halaku (1956). His roles in the films like Madhumati (1958), Jis Desh Men Ganga Behti Hai (1960), Upkar (1967), Shaheed (1965), Aansoo Ban Gaye Phool (1969), Johny Mera Naam (1970), Victoria No. 203 (1972), Be-Imaan (1972), Zanjeer (1973), Don (1978), Amar Akbar Anthony (1977) and Duniya (1984) are considered to be among his best performances.
Pran has received numerous awards and honours in his career. He won the Filmfare Best Supporting Actor Award in 1967, 1969 and 1972 and was awarded the Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award in 1997. He was awarded as the 'Villain of the Millennium' by Stardust in 2000.[2] The Government of India honoured him with the Padma Bhushan in 2001 and the Dadasaheb Phalke Award in 2013[3] for his contributions towards Indian cinema. In 2010, he was named on the list of CNN's Top 25 Asian actors of all time.[4][5]
He died on 12 July 2013 at the age of 93 after a prolonged illness in Mumbai's Lilavati Hospital.[6]

Early life and education

Pran was born on 12 February 1920 in Ballimaran, Kotgarh Old Delhi,[7] into a wealthy Punjabi family. His father, Kewal Krishan Sikand, was a civil engineer and a Government civil contractor; his mother was Rameshwari and the couple had four sons and three daughters.[8]
He was academically gifted, especially in mathematics. His father had a transferable job, and so Pran studied in various places, including Dehradun, Kapurthala, Meerut and Unnao (Uttar Pradesh), finally completing his matriculation from Hamid School, in Rampur (U.P.). Thereafter, he joined A. Das & Co., Delhi as an apprentice as in order to become a professional photographer. He travelled to Shimla and played the role of Sita in a local staging of "Ramlila". Madan Puri enacted the role of Rama in this play.[9]

Career

Early career (1940–1966)

Pran got his first role in Dalsukh M. Pancholi's Punjabi film Yamla Jat (1940) because of an accidental meeting with writer Wali Mohammad Wali at a shop in Lahore.[10] Directed by Moti B. Gidwani, the film featured Noor Jehan and Durga Khote. This was followed by small roles in the film Chaudhary and Khajanchi, both in 1941. Pancholi cast him again in Khandaan (1942), which was Pran's first Hindi film. The film featured himas romantic hero, opposite Noor Jehan, who had acted with him in Yamla Jat as a child artist.[11][12][13] In Khandaan, she was less than 15 years old and compensated for the difference in their heights in close-up shots in the film by standing on the top of bricks.[14] In the pre-partition era, director Gidwani casted Pran in more films like Kaise Kahoon (1945) and Khamosh Nigahen (1946).
Pran had acted in 22 films from 1942–46 in Lahore, of which 18 were released by 1947. Due to India's partition in 1947, his film career had a brief break during this time. While his films from 1944–47 were all made in undivided India, But Taraash (1951) and Khanabadosh (1952), both co-starring Manorama, were released only in Pakistan after Partition. He left Lahore and arrived in Bombay. For a few months, he kept looking for acting opportunities while doing other jobs. He worked in Delmar Hotel, Marine Drive for eight months, after which he got a chance to act in 1948. Because of help from writer Saadat Hasan Manto and actor Shyam, he got a role in the Bombay Talkies' film, Ziddi which starred Dev Anand and Kamini Kaushal in the lead and was directed by Shaheed Latif. The movie launched Pran's career in Bombay. Incidentally, it also proved to be Dev Anand's big break as a hero[8][15] By 1950 he was gradually established as a premier villain in Hindi cinema. Within a week of Ziddi's success, he had signed three more films; S M Yusuf's Grihasti (1948), which became a diamond jubilee hit, Prabhat Films's Apradhi (1949) and Wali Mohammad's Putli (1949). By then, Wali Mohammad, who was responsible for Pran's first role, had come to Bombay and became a producer, setting up an office at Famous Studios, near Mahalaxmi Racecourse.[16][17] In the 1940s, romantic duets featuring him, like the songs "Tere Naaz Uthane Ko Jee Chahta Hai" from Grihasti opposite Shardha and from Khandaan (1942) with Noor Jehan, became popular in 1940s. The way he expressed his dialogues in films like Sheesh Mahal (1950), a series of disguises he made in Adalat (1958) and the rapport he shared with vamps like Kuldip Kaur in Jashan (1955) showcased his versatility in 1950s.
As a villain, Pran's initial successful films were Ziddi and Bari Behan (1949). Pran's trademark blowing of smoke rings first appeared in the latter film.[18] He was regularly offered the role of the main villain or of negative character in the films with Dilip Kumar, Dev Anand and Raj Kapoor as the lead hero in the 1950s and 60s. From the 1950s directors like M. V. Raman, Nanabhai Bhatt, Kalidas, Ravindra Dave, I. S. Johar, Bimal Roy repeatedly cast him in different roles in their many films. Similarly in the sixties, he was frequent in the directorial ventures of A. Bhim Singh, Shakti Samanta, Bhappi Sonie, K. Amarnath, Nasir Hussain and others. In 1970's, new younger directors and producers cast him in their films even though Pran asked for the highest price among supporting actors from 1968–1982.[19]
Pran's performance as the negative character was appreciated especially in Dilip Kumar starrers like Azaad (1955), Devdas (1955), Madhumati (1958), Dil Diya Dard Liya (1966), Ram Aur Shyam (1967) and Aadmi (1968) and films with Dev Anand as the lead man like Ziddi (1948), Munimji (1955), Amar Deep (1958), Jab Pyar Kisi Se Hota Hai (1961) and with Raj Kapoor in Aah (1953), Chori Chori (1956), Jagte Raho (1956), Chhalia (1960), Jis Desh Men Ganga Behti Hai (1960), Dil Hi Toh Hai (1963). Films with him as the lead hero, Pilpili Saheb (1954) and then Halaku in 1956, were big hits too. He enacted roles in several genres, like as a pirate in Sindbad the Sailor (1952) and Daughter of Sindbad (1958) and in action-packed thrillers like Azad (1955); historicals such as Aan (1952) and Raj Tilak (1958); social themes such as Baradari (1955) and light romances like Munimji (1955) and Asha (1957).[20] In the 1960s and early 1970s, despite being in his forties, he continues to play pivotal roles as a character of the age range of 25 to 30 in films with Shammi Kapoor, Joy Mukherjee, Rajendra Kumar and Dharmendra as the lead heroes.[21] From the early 1950s to the early 1970s, Pran gained particular notoriety among the audience due to his frequent roles as a villain.[22] From 1964, with Pooja Ke Phool and Kashmir Ki Kali, he also brought a comical side to his negative characters. While Dilip Kumar and Raj Kapoor's careers as the young hero started to decline from the late 1960s and Rajendra Kumar and Shammi Kapoor stopped playing the lead by 1973, Pran continued with his roles. His association with Dev Anand, begun in 1948, continued even during the 1970s and the 1980s with Johny Mera Naam (1970), Yeh Gulistan Hamara (1972), Joshila (1973), Warrant (1975) and Des Pardes (1978).
Pran played several roles in comedy films starring Kishore Kumar and Mehmood Ali in the lead. His collaborations with Mehmood includes Sadhu Aur Shaitaan (1968), Lakhon Me Ek (1971) and with Kishore Kumar include Chham Chhama Chham (1952), Aasha, Bewaqoof (1960), Half Ticket (1962) and Man-Mauji (1962).

Later career (1967−retirement)

In the late 1960s, Pran played Malang Chacha, a veteran war hero, in Manoj Kumar's film Upkar (1967). The Kalyanji Anandji song, "Kasme Waade Pyaar Wafaa" was picturised on him in this film. Through this film, an actress of yesteryears Kamini Kaushal, as well as Pran, shifted to more positive and character roles. He also received his first Filmfare Award for this film. Kumar continued to cast him in pivotal roles in his films like Purab Aur Paschim (1970), Be-Imaan (1972), Sanyasi (1975) and Dus Numbri (1976). From 1967 onwards he also acted in Bengali films, beginning with Ashim Banerjee's Sonai Dighe, where Joy Mukherjee was the hero.[23]
Pran played the supporting role in several of them, which replaced his image as the villain to that of a character actor. After 1969, he was offered the lead role in films like Nanha Farishta (1969), Jangal Mein Mangal (1972), Dharma (1973), Ek Kunwari Ek Kunwara (1973) and Rahu Ketu (1978).[24] Pran and Ashok Kumar were very close friends in professional and real life and have acted in 27 films together from 1951–1987 starting from Afsana (1951). Their other films include Mr. X (1957), Adhikar (1971), Victoria No. 203 (1972), Chori Mera Kaam (1975) and Raja Aur Rana (1984). Sung by Kishore Kumar, the songs "Hum Bolega To Bologe Ke Bolta Hai" from Kasauti (1974), "Micheal Daru Pita Hai" from Majboor (1974), picturised on Pran, were huge hits and continue to be popular.
During 1969–1982, Pran was the highest paid actor of Bollywood, earning more than most lead actors like Vinod Khanna, Amitabh Bachchan, Shatrughan Sinha, Randhir Kapoor and Rishi Kapoor. During the 1970s and 80s, only Rajesh Khanna continued to be paid much more than him.[25] He played the lead role in the film Aurat (1967) paired opposite Padmini, with Rajesh Khanna in a supporting role. Pran and Khanna worked in five more films – Maryada (1971), Jaanwar (1983 film) (1983), Souten (1983), Bewafai (1985) and Durgaa (1985). In 1973, he recommended Amitabh Bachchan to Prakash Mehra for the character of Vijay in Zanjeer, a role earlier offered to Dev Anand and Dharmendra. Pran's role as Sher Khan, with his red wig and beard and Pathani style was well appreciated. Pran and his looks were the selling point of the film while Bachchan was still a new comer in Bollywood.[26] Pran acted with Bachcahn in about 14 films with notable ones being Zanjeer, Don (1978), Amar Akbar Anthony (1977), Dostana (1980), Naseeb (1981) and Sharaabi (1984).
Pran also occasionally accepted antagonistic roles from 1971-1992. Pran, since 1971, appeared as a villain in films like like Maryada, Naya Zamana, Jawan Muhabat, Aan Baan, Roop Tera Mastana, Yeh Gulistan Hamara, Gaddar, Rahu Ketu, Andha Kanoon (1983), Duniya (1984), Insaaf Kaun Karega, Durgaa, Bewafai, Hoshiyar, Dharm Adhikari and Azaad Desh Ke Ghulam.[24] Pran had dual roles in Khoon Ka Rishta, Insaaf and Jangal Mein Mangal.[27]
At the age of 78, Pran suffered a heart attack in 1998,[28] after which he started rejecting film offers due to age-related problems. But in the 1990s, Amitabh Bachchan requested Pran to do roles in his home productions Tere Mere Sapne (1996) Mrityudata (1997) and Pran made an exception by acting in them to help Bachchan through a bad patch in his career. In 1997, his character in Mrityudaata was modified to compensate for Pran's shivering legs in real life and in Tere Mere Sapne, his shots were taken with him being seated. Post 2000, he made few guest appearances.[23]

Image

Pran had a marathon six-decade career in Hindi cinema and is one of the most celebrated actors of the industry. His acting is said to have been effective enough to desist people naming their children 'Pran' because of his negative roles,[22] while the industry had started calling him 'Pran Sahab'.[29] His favourite line "Barkhurdaar" became immensely popular.
His biography, ...and Pran, a tribute to the fact that about 250 of his 350 movies had his name at the end of the credits, with the words "...and Pran" and sometimes "...above all, Pran".[30]
In 2012, he gave his hand print for "Legend's Walk", a waterfront promenade in Bandra.[31]

Personal life

Pran married Shukla Ahluwalia in 1945 and has two sons, Arvind and Sunil and a daughter, Pinky.[7] After a prolonged illness,he was treated at the Lilavati Hospital and died on Friday, 12th of July 2013, at 8:30 p.m. He had been admitted to hospital a few times in the last few months for his deteriorating health, at some point he was battling pneumonia.[32] Likewise, he could not attend the 60th National Film Awards in May 2013 where he was to be presented the Dadasaheb Phalke Award. Instead,Information and broadcasting minister Manish Tewari presented the award at Pran's home in Mumbai. Pran's passing was widely noted by statesmen and his fellow entertainers.[33] Prime Minister Manmohan Singh paid his condolences on his death and called him "an icon".[34] Veteran actor Amitabh Bachchan tweeted his feelings about his death calling him a "magnificent pillar" of the film industry.[35]

Awards and honours

Pran has been honoured with numerous awards for his portrayal of both negative and character roles. He has received three Filmfare Awards in the Best Supporting Actor category for Upkar, Aansoo Ban Gaye Phool and Be-Imaan. However, in 1972 when he was awarded for his role of constable Ram Singh in Be-Imaan, he refused to accept the award stating that the Filmfare Award for Best Music Director should have gone to Ghulam Mohammed for Pakeezah and not to the musical duo Shankar Jaikishan for Be-imaan.[36][37] He also has been awarded with three Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards for his supporting roles.
For his vast contributions to Indian cinema, Pran has been honoured several Lifetime Achievement awards; including those of Filmfare, Star Screen Awards and Zee Cine Awards. In 2001, the Government of India conferred the Padma Bhushan on him. Recently in April 2013, he was announced to be the winner of the Dadasaheb Phalke Award, the most prestigious award of the Indian cinema, presented by the Government of India. The award was presented to him at the 60th National Film Awards for his lifetime of work in the film industry.[38] Various celebrities had congratulated him on this occasion with Amitabh Bachchan calling him "a large pillar of the Indian Film Industry" on his Twitter feed.[39] He was also the contender of the award for the previous year along with Manoj Kumar and Vyjayanthimala, but Soumitra Chatterjee had been chosen as the awardee.[40]

Civilian award

  • 2001 – Padma Bhushan, India's third highest civilian award from the Government of India.[41][37]

National Film Awards

  • 2013 – Dadasaheb Phalke Award for lifetime achievement.[42]

Filmfare Awards

  • 1967 – Filmfare Best Supporting Actor Award for Upkar[37]
  • 1969 – Filmfare Best Supporting Actor Award for Aansoo Ban Gaye Phool[37]
  • 1972 – Filmfare Best Supporting Actor Award for Be-Imaan[37]
  • 1997 – Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award[37]

Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards

  • 1961 – BFJA Awards: Best Actor in a Supporting Role: Jis Desh Men Ganga Behti Hai[43]
  • 1966 – BFJA Awards: Best Actor in a Supporting Role: Shaheed[44]
  • 1973 – BFJA Awards: Best Actor in a Supporting Role: Zanjeer[45]

Other awards and recognitions


Pran being felicitated by the then Deputy Chief Minister of Maharashtra Chhagan Bhujbal (left) at the Dadasaheb Phalke Academy Awards in 2010.
  • 1972–73 – Chitrlok Cine Circle Ahmedabad: "Best Character Artiste Award".[37]
  • 1975–76 – Bombay Film Award: Most Versatile Actor.[37]
  • 1977–78 – Bombay Film Award: Most Versatile Actor.[37]
  • 1978 – North Bombay Jaycees: Best Character Actor.[37]
  • 1984 – "Extra Ordinary Special Award as Wizard of Acting" by Bombay Film Award.[37]
  • 1984 – Filmgoers Award: Reigning "Abhinay Samrat".[37]
  • 1985 – Kala Bhushan Award presented by Punjabi Kala Sangam.[37]
  • 1987 – North Bombay Jaycees: Outstanding Performance of Decade.[37]
  • "Viyayshree Award" presented for enriching Human Life and Outstanding Attainments India Int. Friendship Society).[37]
  • "Ars Gratia Artis" for excellence in emotive Art.[37]
  • 1990 – Kala Rattan Award presented by Punjabi Kal Sangam for 50 glorious Years.[37]
  • 1990 – Punjab Association: an Award for 50 years in the Industry.[37]
  • 1990 – Southall Lion's Club London: "In recognition of Invaluable Services to Charity at the Celebration of Golden Jubilee of his services tot Film Industry.[37]
  • 1991 – Cinegoers Award: "Abhinay Samrat Golden Jubilee Award".[37]
  • 1992 – Outstanding contribution to Indian Film Industry, Indian Motion Pictures Producers' Association.[37]
  • 2000 – Star Screen Lifetime Achievement Award[37]
  • 2000 – Zee Cine Award for Lifetime Achievement[16][37]
  • 2000 – "Villain of the Millennium" by Stardust Award.[12][37]
  • 2004 – Lifetime Achievement Award instituted by the Maharashtra Government.[12]
  • 2010 – Phalke Icon and Legendary Cine Versatile Cine Star Award by Dadasaheb Phalke Academy.[46]

Selected filmography

Main article: Pran filmography
1940s
1950s
1960s
1970s
1980s
1990s


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